Lords Of The Flies Essays - Fiction, Literature, Allegory

Lords Of The Flies The story is about a group of English schoolboys who are plane-wrecked on a deserted island. At first, the stranded boys cooperate, attempting to gather food, make shelters, and maintain signal fires. Later Ralph, he started to act up and boss people around thinking he's the king of the island. Piggy, Ralph's over weighted, sidekick who pretty much the only one that listens to Ralph. When Ralph tries to order people around. The boys would rather swim, play, or hunt the island's wild pig population. Soon Ralph's rules are being ignored or don't even notice Ralph existed. Ralph's competition is Jack, the redheaded leader of the pig hunters, who manages to lure away many of the boys to join him. The situation changes when Ralph discovers that instead of being hunters, he and Piggy have become the ones being hunted. The novel tells about competition between two different groups and who will become the leader at the end. Overall, the story was pretty good. However it was confusing to start, I got used to reading it as I went along, which took a while. I like the style when I got use to it. I think the writing really related to what were studying in American History. It explains how society was made, it starts with people, they make rules and form an economy, and there are leaders and followers, the ones that think and ones that work. Like in US history, something happens and society falls apart, like the great depression. It is interesting to see how a group of boys can go from being so orderly to turn into competition against each other. This has a lot of suspense in it, lots of detail, and didn't feel like some fairy tale. The book contained great amounts of violence to kids fighting against each other. When I read the book, it made me think of the shootings that happened lately. When the media said that the kids were influenced by violent video games, music and Hitler to the shootings, I would say this book has the same effect. The book is like the games and music. The only difference of the book, it's not visual and hands on. Of course words in a book can't be the same as watching TV. My experience reading the book and later watching the movie, I felt I can absorb more detail and had a better understanding of it. I would say the author is also talking about too much democracy. I think he is trying to show, if a country ended up with people making up there own rules, it would cause trouble. Like ev eryone wants to be a leader and the weaker one will get picked on. Also it shows that kids can't live by themselves. Kids need an adult to settle the differences and give them rules to follow. Overall, it's a great book, short, lots of action and simple. Book Reports

What Dreams May Come Essays - What Dreams May Come, Free Essays

What Dreams May Come Essays - What Dreams May Come, Free Essays What Dreams May Come Many of us, people dont believe that there exists live after death. We think that this is not possible. People are just dying and they are living their bodies behind them, and leaving this world. Some of us believe in the reincarnation. We died, but we are born as a new human being. In the book What dreams may come there exist live after death- in heaven. The book tells about a men name Chris and his family. One day he was coming from the theater and three cars hit him, and he died. He woke up at the hospital. Before he died he heard the voices coming from a man. Those voices were saying to him to not fight . Then after a while he was dead. At first he didnt believe that this happened. When he saw his body lying on the hospital bed he knew that his journey in the world was finish. He didnt know what he was supposed to do. He was looking for his wife. He tried to find her and talk to her, but the only person that could see him or hear him was the person at the hospital that he couldnt recognize. He couldnt see exactly who the man was; he saw just his shadows. Chris was living his other live, live after death. He never knew that death is merely continuation at another level . After he died he realized that the life is not finish. The spirit lives just our bodies and it goes to heaven. Chris couldnt wait till his wife is going to join him. He believed that this would come soon, because he couldnt stop thinking about her. For everything in life theres a counterpart in afterlife Nothing can destroy the spirit. Chris was aware of that he went to the other side. He was patiently waiting for his wife. After some time he got the message from Albert that she is not going to join him, because he commit suicide. Suicide only participates a darker continuation of the some conditions from which escape was sought. A continuation under circumstances is so much more painful. He didnt want to believe that she is not coming there. The only way that they could be together was that he had to go to rescue her from that world. This was very hard to do, because many people tried to do it and they never came back. He got more luck, because he went there. The only problem that he had was that he couldnt find her. There was to many people that commit suicide. He was trying hard to find her and finally he did. He brought her memory back, because she didnt remember anything. Then they came back to the Summerland, and live happy ever after. There also exist the supernatural contact with spirits. In the book when Chris died his family was very sad. He went to his daughter room and he saw the letter that she was writing to her friend. She was telling about her parents and what they lived through. Chris tried to talk to her, without any respond. She couldnt hear anything, because she didnt knew that he was there. Chris didnt gave up and he was telling to her write Im still alive , he was repeating this all over and he made her write this note. She was very suprised when she saw this. At first she didnt knew what she suppose to do with this note, but then, she went to her mom trying to tell her that her father made her to write this note. When she enter the room, she saw her mother crying and she decided to not show her nothing. Then she decided that much happened and now was not good time to show it to her. She went back to her room, never telling her mother about that accident. After a little while Chris went to heaven. When he got there he was very suprised what he saw. Heaven was very nice place. He saw the same person that he saw at the hospital, but now he could see his face and the body correctly.

The RelationShip between Forensic Experts to Their Stakeholders Essay

The RelationShip between Forensic Experts to Their Stakeholders - Essay Example Influence of Forensic Expertise on the Society Forensic expertise affects many people in the society with regards to the needs presented to them by the society. Through this, a good relationship is born between the experts and the society especially the stakeholders. Due to the strong relationship made by the society and forensic science especially the citizens perceive forensic evidence as a much more trusted form of testimonial evidence than others do. The role of the media educating the public more about the forensic technology through television programs that contain forensic evidences makes the way the public relies on quality evidences on cases. Prosecutors depend on the results obtained by the forensic experts in order to plan on the next step in the case. Studies have shown that prosecutors take forensic evidence as a central pillar of plea and trial conviction (Peterson & Murdock, 2009). Furthermore the law society especially the lawyers use the results in order to represent their clients with facts to the courts in case the client is a complainer. Forensic technology has a vital aim in the examination and trial of criminal activities. Forensic science brings things to broad light by retrieving out facts before a case in a court of law, which influences the way, the jury and the judge will make the judgment. The stronger the forensic evidence the more likely the suspect to be fairly prosecuted according to the facts brought forward to the courtroom. Forensic evidence can be vital in a broad range of cases ranging from the study of the blood of a driver alleged of driving while under the control of alcohol drink or drugs. The good thing about the evidence produced through forensic science is that the evidence can be reexamined later using new techniques in the field. Even though the way forensic science provides reliable evidences in cases the activity of collecting the specimens for the laboratory tests is tricky and it needs a lot of concentration (Pe terson, J. et al. 2010). Obstacles facing forensics One of the obstacles facing the forensic science is the chain of custody and the preservation of evidence after obtaining them. Evidence acceptability needs lawful investigation and the severe loyalty to the chain of custody regulations including evidence collection, evidence preservation, analysis, and reporting which is difficult to be done by an officer while gathering evidence. The level by which the information technology is spanning the globe makes it difficult for the forensics make sure security is maintained. For example hackers and fraudsters use the internet to pose threat to the people using the internet (Adrian & Vorster, 2005). Solutions Relevant government should come up with laws, which will deal with the evolving computer crimes. The laws need to evolve around forensics ways of investigating of crime in order to give way to the transformation in technology. These laws should provide judgment to be given to computer criminals. Furthermore, new techniques of auditing should be introduced to cope up with the high rising of techniques used by hackers (Adrian & Vorster, 2005). References Adrian C. & Vorster, W. J. (2005). Legal Challenges Facing Forensic Auditing. Johannesburg: University of Johannesburg. Peterson, J. et al.(2010). Role and Impact of Forensic Evidence in the Criminal Justice Process. School of Criminal Justice and Criminalistics. California State University, L A Peterson, J. L. & Murdock, J.

SIM335 Managing Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

SIM335 Managing Projects - Essay Example Any concurrent activities, which activity follows which? The network diagram will look as below and boxes represent the following aspects: If activity A has duration of 4 days, earliest start time would be day 0 (zero) and the earliest finish would be day 4. The earliest start for activity B would be day 4 and the earliest finish would be day 9 as a result of adding. Earliest finish of activity A (4) + duration of activity B (5) = 9 early finish for activity B In general, earliest finish of previous activity+ duration of current activity= earliest finish of the current activity. (Early finish for earlier tasks becomes the early the start for next activity). For a case like activity G that has several preceding activities, we take the value, which has the largest earlier finish value (F 13). The latest start and latest finish are determined by working backwards through the project. Latest start for activity Q = earliest finish of activity Q because it is the last activity. In general: Latest start= latest finish– duration The latest start used as the latest finish for the previous activity. For instance, the latest start for activity Q is 93–5= 88 and this is used as the value for latest finish for activity P. for activities like I & J we use the latest start for activity K. for activity H we take the least value for latest start in this case is 34 (latest start for activity I). ... calculated by: Early finish– early start– duration=Total float For instance, to calculate total float between activities G &H =34–13–(13+8) =0 Critical path is the least amount of time that can be taken to complete the project. This means that there is no float, no free time and a delay in the critical path can lead to a delay in project completion. It can be determined by adding the duration of each activity in the sequence where there is no float. In our case, the critical path is from activity A to Q in the sequence: A(4)+F(9)+G(13)+H(8)+I(7)+K(8)+L(13)+M(9)+N(4)+O(4)+P(9)+Q(5) =93. It is very important as it helps in time scheduling of consecutive activities in a project. Events that occur here are known as milestone (Harold, 2009). If the activity begins on Monday January 16th, the project needs a total of 122 days to finish with a five-day working period then we find out how many weeks we be will need. If one week has a total of 5 working days then t he project will take 122?5=24 weeks and four days, then the project will end on Thursday 5th July 2012. In case activity B is delayed by two days, there would be no effect on the total project duration because it has a float of four days. This is however not the case for activities P and O, delaying activity P by two days or activity O by a day will affect the total duration of the project because there is no float for the two activities (Harold, 2009). Limitations of network diagrams The time estimates depend on personal bias, there is no specific formula for determining the duration of the activities and speculation is used. This may affect the whole project just in case any activity is delayed or takes a longer duration to finish. As seen from above, activities without float if delayed for any reason can

A Comparative Analysis of Research Methodologies Essay

A Comparative Analysis of Research Methodologies - Essay Example Two papers delving into learning foreign languages require a closer evaluation of research methodologies employed by the authors, to wit:   Jonathan Culpeper, Robert Crawshaw and Julia Harrison   (2008) on Activity types and discourse types: mediating advice in interactions between foreign language assistants and their supervisors in schools in France and England published in Multilingua; and Pamela Rogerson-Revell’s (2007) Using English for International Business: A European Case Study, published in English for Specific Purposes.   The study conducted by Rogerson-Revell (2007) aimed to determine the nature and role of English for International Business (EIB) with the goal of furthering measures to improve communication in international events and to use the findings in the development of effective and appropriate training materials facilitating EIB (Rogerson-Revell, 2007, p. 109). On the other hand, Culpeper, et.al.’s research was designed to address four specific objectives focusing on developing ones â€Å"understanding of interactions between French/English Foreign Language Assistants (FLAs) and their school mentors (MEs), and, more specifically, of how ‘advice’ is sought, given and received† (Culpeper, et.al, 2008, p. 297). Thereby, the Rogerson-Revel research clearly identified a concise goal while Culpeper et.al. have four-fold objectives that need to be addressed. Rogerson-Revell (2007) used the questionnaire method specifically designed to solicit both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative information focused on the use of EIB, the first language used by participants, and other languages spoken. On the other hand, qualitative data were gathered using open-ended questions on the perceptions and views of participants regarding the use of English in various international and professional meetings. Culpeper, et.al.(2008) likewise solicited both qualitative and quantitative information through audio-recorded and transcribed  information in case studies which became the basis for gathering the quantitative data needed for the study.

Gulmay D3300 X-ray Therapy Machine System

Gulmay D3300 X-ray Therapy Machine System Gulmay D3300 x-ray therapy machine system from Gulmay Medical Ltd. Introduction  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Kilovoltage unit was one of the first external beam therapy used in a radiotherapy department. Despite its popularity then, departments opt into using a megavoltage machine due to its versatility in treatment. The uses kilovoltage therapy, especially superficial x-ray therapy remains widely important in treating certain cancer patients. Gulmay Medical Ltd is one of the world’s leading manufacturers in Kilovoltage x-ray therapy equipment’s. One of its latest accomplishments was building Gulmay D3300, a combined superficial and orthovoltage unit, beam energy ranging from 20-400kv. In this essay, I will be describing the physical aspects of a Gulmay generator and x-ray tube used within this machine, their role in the production of x-ray as well as its cooling mechanism. I will be discussing the uses of having such combined units, the benefits and the complications it will cause to both the NHS, departments and the patients as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using cut out lead shielding within a treatment. Description The generator aims to magnify the initial input voltage to a substantial amount, enough to potentiate x-rays with a certain Half Value layer (Flinton, 2009). The CP225 generator which can be attached to the D3300, is powered by 3200W-4500w and has the capacity to generate voltage from 220V to 20-225KV (Gulmay Medical Ltd, 2014). Connected to the generator is the X-ray tube, via cables joined to both the anode and the cathode (figure one). The tubes are in a unipolar arrangement whereby the negative potential from the generator is fed into the cathode and the anode is maintained at a ground potential (Earth). (Flinton, 2009) Figure one: A map of the equipment’s inside a Gulmay Superficial x-ray therapy machine (Gulmay Medical Ltd, 2014). The CP225 generator is able to attach to a high power x-ray tube, 225/11, which can take up to 225V, ideally suited for its generator (Gulmay Medical Ltd., 2014). The tube is covered in a metal ceramic material and compromises on a ceiling support or on a floor stand. The mounting requires a manual force to move in the three axes -transverse, longitudinal and vertical, as well as rotational and tilt movement of the tube (Flinton, 2009). The cathode assembly, within the tube is held by a ceramic insulator aimed to insulate it from the metal housing of the tube and consists of a single tungsten filament. Compared to the cathode, the anode is structurally dissimilar, as shown in figure two. Made out of copper, the anode is either wielded onto the metal tube envelope or a ceramic insulator is sandwiched between them. The anode has extensions known as an integral hood and located on the side of the hood is a desired x-ray exit known as a beryllium window, which has a filtration of 0.8mm Be. The tube is enclosed within a vacuum to ensure the electrons do not interact with other particles, slowing down the production of pure x-rays (Flinton, 2009). Figure two: The internal structure of an x-ray tube (Flinton, 2009, p.153) As the heat builds up within the tube, it is removed from the target through conduction of the Copper anode acting as a heat sink due to its large size. To ensure efficient and rapid heat conduction, a cooling system is attached to the tube which ensures a high temperature difference away from the target (Figure one). Because the x-ray tube is unipolar, it is safe to ensure the flowing cooling medium within the cooling system is water, (Gulmay Medical Ltd., 2014) and therefore cost effective to implement. Since water is a conductor of heat, it is constantly replaced by new cool water once it has heated up. When the electrical current passes through from the generator to the tube via the cable, it reaches the cathode assembly heating up the tungsten filament. The filament then emits electrons in a process known as thermionic emission. The filament develops into a focussing cup containing a static negative charge stopping the electrons from scattering and to coerce them together to ensure the electrons aim at a small sectional area of the anode (Flinton, 2009). The cathode becomes highly negatively polarised that the grouped electrons are fired and strike a target within the anode, made from tungsten. The electrons begin to decelerate and release energy creating x-rays and heat (Xstrahl, 2014). The integral hood absorbs any unwanted electrons and prevents secondary x-rays from forming (extra focal radiation), whilst the beryllium window allows the primary x-rays to leave the tube (Flinton, 2009). Discussion Evan et al. (2001) states that by having a combined superficial and orthovoltage unit rather than two units, it will save half the money to facilitate separate shielded treatment rooms. There will also be a reduction in capital costs, spares, precautionary maintenance and quality control resources. However, by having a combined unit, the beam characteristics should be compromised as they are all necessitated by the use of a single X-ray tube to generate a beam as well as if the machine was to break down, the department may be at a loss of all kilovoltage treatment capacity. By having a low energy treatment, it is simple to treat superficial lesions. The low energy components of Gulmay d3300 allow many skin lesions to be treated up to 5mm deep, and by having a medium energy component it will allow treatments of skin lesions up to 2cm deep to be treated (Klevenhagen and Thwaites , 1993, and Glees, J.P and Wolstenholme, V., 2006). The aim of superficial x-ray therapy is to apply the dose superficially, maintaining the lack of skin sparing in order for the treatment to be successful. The fall in dose with depth is slower for x-rays than electron, thus the dose is below the treatment site is higher, being most effective in superficial treatment. Majority of the internal anatomical sites are not significantly affected by the radiation, The drawbacks to this is if treating an area neighbouring structures in which contain poor blood supply and are at risk of radiation damage such as cartilages, then it would be beneficial to use an electron beam due to the rapi d fall-off (Griffiths, 1994). When using an orthovoltage machine, the aim is to treat deep seated tumours at a close depth to the skin by applying a great amount of dose to the surface of the patient before it reaches the tumour site. The lack of skin sparing can result into skin damage caused on a patient (Griffiths, 1994). Patients can suffer acute reactions and late reactions. When patients begin their treatment, the acute reaction will follow in stages. During the first treatment, the patient may feel warmth in the area being treated; this is followed by the reddening of the skin, known as erythema, which can appear from a dose level of 1GY. As the dose escalates, the treated area will become itchy, sunburn like red, and is prone to injuries. Around 14 days, the hairs in the treated areas may fall out in a process known as epilation. By the time patients get to this stage finish their treatment course. This is due to the lengthy fractionations of treatment; the degree of reactions becomes less severe. Once the treatment stops, skin will begin to heal and becomes tanned. However, patients that go through a long treatment will experience reactions at a greater degree. The next stage in the skin reaction is dry desquamation, the peeling of the skin in dry flakes. Furthering this treatment, the skin then becomes dark red or purplish and fluid will start to build up underneath causing oedema, which is tender to touch. It is broken down and blisters start to form, the fluid begins to seep out of the skin. Patients treatment is then at a halt due to the severity of the reaction. Within an orthovoltage machine, by giving a high dose, the stem cell pool within the skin will be destroyed and area of ulceration will remain lasting within the treated area of the patient (Lochhead, 1983, p. 107-108). Late reactions are dependent on the beam energy and the dosage level. ‘The beam energy determines the part of the skin that is affected by the radiation.’(Lochhead, 1983, p. 107-108). By using low beam energy of up to 300kv, the germinal or basal layer of the skin demonstrates the most change to the skin. Activity is lost within the cells and the skin becomes thin. Once the skin becomes damaged it will take a long time to heal. Places where the hair has epilated may become permanent due to the destruction of the hair follicles. Sweat glands are destroyed and superficial blood vessels deteriorate. Other blood vessels nearby would enlarge to compensate the damaged blood vessels, and patients may begin to form Telangiectasis, a condition whereby the patients skin becomes pale and the red blood vessels enlarge. An injury to the patient may cause a necrosis of the skin. According to Griffiths et al. (1994, p.35) it was thought that by creating multifeilds across the tumour, patients’ skin reactions may subside. However this had caused a high integral dose on the patient as well as sore skin. Now it is often more advantageous to have a megavoltage machine treating these tumours due to the skin sparing affect it provides for the patient and the orthovoltage is progressing to become outdated. One of the main forms of shielding in a superficial and orthovoltage machine is the use of a lead cut out. A lead cut out is made to define the treatment area as well as shielding normal healthy tissue from the radiation beam. This is used in conjunction with an applicator attached to the machine collimator. It also provides direction and localisation of the beam. For the face and areas close to the eye a specific lead mask is produced, to avoid radiation to critical structures nearby (Mills et al., 2012). The study of Medvedevas et al (2001) concludes that the application of lead shielding attenuates the dose received to normal tissue significantly. However, according to Flinton (2009) the drawbacks in using lead shielding is the elevation in dose on the beam side of the lead caused by the interactions that arise in the lead shielding behind the target volume, as a result from the high backscatter component at these energies. The build up to full back scatter is most rapid in small fields, more so in low energy beams. For small fields such as the eye, this is a problem. Mills et al (2012). At the point when treating the eye, shielding made from either tungsten or lead is inserted to protect the lens. ‘The problem encountered with eye shields is the contribution from scatter which reaches into the region under the shield from the surrounding field.’(Mills et al., 2012, p. 125). A way to resolve this was by applying tissue equivalent material, i.e. wax, around the shield to absorb the scatter avoiding this problem. Conclusion Reference Evans, P.A., Moloney, A.J., Mountford, P.J. . (2001). Performance assesment of the Gulmay D3300 kilovoltage X ray therapy unit. The British Journal of Radiology. 74 (882), 537-549. Flinton D.. (2009). Kilovoltage Equipment. In: Cherry P. and Duxbury A.M. Practical radiotherapy physics and equipment. 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. 149-150. Glees, J.P and Wolstenholme, V.. (2006). The Role of Kilovoltage X-rays in the Treatment of Skin Cancers. European Oncological Disease. 1 (1), 32-35. Griffiths, SE., Short, CA., Jackson, CS. and Ash,D. (1994). Radiotherapy : principles to practice : a manual for quality in treatment delivery. Edinburgh: Churchil Livingstone. 33-37. Gulmay Medical Ltd.. (2014). Gulmay Corporate Brochure. Available: http://www.gulmay.com/. Last accessed 27th April 2014. Klevenhagen, S.C. and Thwaites D.I.. (1993). Kilovoltage X rays. In: Williams J.R. and Thwaites D.I. Radiotherapy Physics in practice. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications. 95-112. Lochhead,J.N. M. (1983). Care of the patient in radiotherapy. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific. 105-111. Medvedevas, N., Adliene, D., Laurikaitiene, J., and Andrejaitis, A.. (2011). The role of shielding in superficial X-ray therapy. Radiaition Protection Dosimetry. 147 (1-2), 291-295. Mills, JA., Porter, H., Gill, D.. (2012). Radiotherapy beam production. In: Symonds, P., Deeham, C., Mills, JA., and Meredith,C.Walter Millers textbook of Radiotherapy. Oxford: Elsevier Health Sciences/Churchill Livingstone. 122-125. Xstrahl Medical. (2014). Physics of Low Energy Radiation. Available: http://www.xstrahl.com/NewStep/physics-of-low-energy-radiation.html. Last accessed 28th April 2014.

Film Analysis :: essays research papers

Film Assignment I have this opinion that America â€Å"a land of opportunity† and also a â€Å"rat race.† Why I say both of them? First, it is because, for me, America is a land of opportunity. Everybody has the opportunity to work as long as they have the willing to work, the work ethic. It’s just not everybody has the willing to work because the government will support those people who are unemployed. Like foreign students for example. The INS gives foreign students the â€Å"practical training† permit, so they can use it for working in the US after they finish their school. Even though it’s only a one-year permit, at least they have the opportunity to look for a company who is willing to be their sponsor for applying for the H-1 visa. Like in the movie It’s a Wonderful Life. When George Bailey got bankrupt, he has another chance to make everything back to normal if he wanted to. However, when we look at the â€Å"individual social mobility, it makes Amer ica a â€Å"rat race† country. Since America is known as a land of opportunity, which will lead into a â€Å"rat race† because people may want to accomplish or fulfil their goal. Everybody is trying to get the highest position in his or her job. Everybody is trying to make higher profit in his or her life. They will do anything to get into that â€Å"position† even though they have to do something illegal, something bad, something deceitful, corruption. Everybody is competing and just thinks about him or her self. Like in the Glengarry Glen Ross, everybody is trying to keep his job there. They have to make the highest profit or they will lose their job, and that makes some of the officers rob the office. It’s a beautiful life is a kind of family movie that has a happy ending. When I watched it, I got so depressed in the middle of the movie because everything happens is just like a tragedy. That is the basic story after all. George Bailey has been dealt a savage blow and is contemplating suicide at his lowest ebb. It takes an apprentice angel to put it all in perspective and remind him that joy in life should never be eclipsed by any setback. After all how many of us can empathize with a penny pinching self centered old grouch versus a good man faced with letting his family and friends down.