Dont Be Concerned About Ground Bees

Ground bees are non-aggressive, beneficial insects that rarely sting. Their nesting season is limited, so unless you or a family member has an allergy to bee stings, you can feel comfortable leaving their nests alone and letting them carry out their business in peace. Fast Facts: Ground Bee Species Ground bees are members of the superfamily Apoidea. Species include:Digger bees (family Anthoporidae)Sweat bees (family Halictidae)Mining bees (family Andrenidae). Ground Bee Traits and Nesting Characteristics As the name implies, ground bees dig their nests in the ground, often in bare patches of the lawn or garden. Ground bees become active in early spring. Females are solitary creatures, excavating nests in dry soil. Each female fastidiously mounds the loose soil around her nest entrance, then provisions her home with pollen and nectar for her offspring. Despite their solitary nature, its not unusual to find dozens of ground bee nests in one area if conditions are suitable. Female ground bees may  sting if sufficiently threatened, however, being non-aggressive by nature, they rarely do. Males fly over burrows patrolling for potential mates, and while males of some species may behave aggressively when in proximity to a nest, they lack stingers, so other than being scary, theyre essentially harmless. How to Identify Ground Bee Nests If you find mounds of soil similar to anthills but with larger openings, they might be ground bee nests. Be aware that bumblebees also nest in underground burrows, although they typically use abandoned rodent burrows rather than excavate new ones. Unlike ground bees, bumblebees live in social colonies. Always observe a bees nest from a safe distance when youre trying to identify a species. Watch for bees flying low over the ground and entering the burrow. Do you see a single bee coming and going, or multiple bees entering the nest? Numerous bees are an indication of a colony. Social bees—including bumblebees—will defend their nests aggressively, so before you take any action, its best to be sure you know what youre dealing with. Likewise, yellowjackets (nasty stingers) nest in the ground, and like bumblebees, often repurpose old rodent burrows for their nests. Some solitary wasps are ground nesters, as well. Its never safe to simply assume a nest is filled with docile, ground bees. Make sure to learn the differences between bees and wasps and take proper precautions to protect yourself and your family accordingly. Should You Rid Your Yard of Ground Bees? Before you decide to evict ground bees from your property, first and foremost, remember that these bees are beneficial insects that perform an important role as pollinators. Since theyre not generally aggressive, you can usually mow your lawn and continue regular outdoor activities without fear of being stung. Finally, their nesting activity is limited to spring, so ground bees arent in residence for very long. Unless you have concerns for a family member with a bee venom allergy, its preferable to leave ground bees alone whenever possible. Best Practices for Controlling Ground Bees Ground bees nest in dry soil, avoiding damp areas when choosing nesting sites. The easiest, least-toxic method for controlling ground bees is to simply keep potential nesting sites well watered. As soon as you notice ground bee activity, begin soaking the area with a full inch of water each week. This is usually enough to discourage females from burrowing and to persuade them to relocate to drier ground. A thick layer of mulch on bare garden beds can also make ground bees think twice about nesting. Pesticides are not recommended for ground bee control.

Crime - 4723 Words

1.Which selection(s) should be taken off? 2.What selection(s) would you consider as your favorite? 3.What else do you think should be included in our selections? 4.Any other activities in addition to online discussions? 5.Do you think the course load is appropriate? 6.Do you think you have written a reasonable number of reader’s responses? 7.Should there be more tests or fewer tests? Are they too difficult, too easy, or should they be kept the same? 8.What is your suggestion of the proportion between multiple-choice questions and short essay questions? 9.Do you think the grading is consistent? Do you think the comments on your responses help explain your grades? 10.Do you think the online lectures are helpful? Any suggestions?†¦show more content†¦The symbolic function of the falling leaves should be evident, but their falling just at Mount Watari, â€Å"Mount Crossing,† is particularly evocative. Here the protagonist has his last chance to glimpse his wife. In the third section, the temporal sequence of the poem (day, night, dusk) suggests the passing of an indeterminate number of days, carrying the protagonist even farther from his wife. The two envoys act as a reprise of the entire choka while also adding new elements. The first envoy builds on the celestial imagery of the third section, emphasizing the metaphor of moon for wife. By introducing the movement of the horse it underscores both the speed and distance of the separation. The second envoy takes the reader back to the beginning of the poem. It is as though the protagonist had obtained a second chance to change things, when he utters the request for the scarlet leaves to cease falling so that he might see his wife once more. 2) In â€Å"892-893: Dialog of the Destitute,† excluding the envoy what are the concerns of the two parts in the poem respectively? Discuss the poet’s development of imagery. Why does the poem close with an envoy containing only a single image? The poem breaks into two halves. The first twenty-nine lines form the soliloquy of a man who is poor enough, followed by the response of one who is truly destitute. As we saw with the complex imagistic structuring ofShow MoreRelatedCrime, Crime And Crime1551 Words   |  7 Pageslarge and dramatic drop in not only its victims of crime but also the amount of crimes that have been reported to the local police, even though this community already has extraordinary low crime states. The crime states in Lowville show a huge fall across all different levels of crime; this includes a 12.2 per cent drop of criminal damage offences and a 12.8 percent drop in drug offences. Moreover, they have also seen a fall in the statistics for crimes such as robbery, this has dropped by 7.5 per centRead MoreCrimes And Crimes Of The Crimes945 Words   |  4 Pages Crimes can be committed by everyone. The brutality of the crimes has increased throughout the years while the age of criminals is younger than prior criminals who committed the same crimes. Innocent lives are often lost in these acts of violence, such as what had happened at Columbine. Children who commit malicious crimes can either be tried as a child or an adult. Children tried in the juvenile courts are able to get out of jail around or before they turn 21. Juvenile courts are meant to rehabilitateRead MoreThe Crime Of Crime And Crime1180 Words   |  5 PagesCrime is everywhere. It dominates news broadcasts and newspapers. It also takes up the majority of television shows and movies. As well as a great deal of fiction novels and books. Controlling and fighting crimes are essential for the safety of citizens. Also the credibility and power of a government are affected greatly by how they handle crime and deal with criminals. When a crime takes place, the part that fascinates peo ple the most is how the offender is captured and brought to justice (NathanRead MoreCrime : Crime And Crime1688 Words   |  7 Pagesdetermined that a crime is committed every second a day. Given the data by the FBI’s crime clock, a violent crime such include murder, robbery, rape and assaults occurs every 23.9 Seconds in the United State. Property crime including burglary, theft, and motor vehicle theft every 3.4 seconds a day. 55% of Americans say crime is an extremely or very serious problem in the U.S. Another 38% view the U.S. crime problem as moderately serious, while one in 20 consider it not serious. Crime has increase inRead MoreCrime : Crime And Crime1059 Words   |  5 PagesLarge or small, crime affects us all. Whether it is presented to you on a personal level, or you happened to have heard it one the news while you and your family were enjoying a nice Sunday meal. In the words of Jeff Mariotte â€Å"Crime touches us all† (Mariotte, Jeff P1). This is sh own to us in the popular television series Criminal Minds because of the way the producers and show writers portray the act of crimes as well as the accuracy of the crime, the inside look of what is going on in the criminals’Read MoreCrime Is A Crime And Crime999 Words   |  4 Pagescommits a crime, the immediate response from the public is that they deserve a punishment for their crime. Some of the crimes that offenders act upon range on the spectrum: from a minor crime to a major crime. When an offender commit a minor crime it is known as a misdemeanor and the punishment consists of a year or less in county jail. However, for a serious major crime, offenders are charged with a felony which includes a punishment of a year or more in prison. Additionally, the lowest crime is anRead MoreCrime And The Crimes Of Crime Essay1949 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006) crime is defined as â€Å"an offence punishable by the State on behalf of the general public whose standards do not permit the offending behaviour.† Whilst countless studies have been conducted over the years surrounding crime and the committing of crimes by individuals’, there has also long been debate surrounding whether or not crime is gendered and if so, to what extent. Over the decades a number of studies have been conducted in order to answerRead MoreCrime : Crime And Crime2447 Words   |  10 PagesCrime has always existed in some shape or form. However, the question about how crime much crime exists has always been the source of some discrepancy. Knowing how much crime exists at certain points in time is very important to law enforcement, criminal justice researchers, politicians and other public officials. Being able to measure the amount of crime allows the creation and tracking of crime trends. This allows those concerned with crime trends to better adjust their tactics or methods inRead MoreThe Rise Of Crime And Crime972 W ords   |  4 Pagesfor example, both victimisation and authorised crime presented specifically sharp drops from 2007 to 2009, when being without a job rates ascended. Robbery, burglary, and household theft oppressions had been dropping by a rate of about 4% per year from 1993-2006, but fell by an ordinary of 6 to 7% per year for the duration of the Great Recession. This is not for the reason that crime is distinct to economic situations, but for the reason that crime is correlated to so many other things. CriminologistsRead MoreCrimes And Crimes Of Children907 Words   |  4 Pages Crimes can be committed by everyone. The age of criminals have decreased as the crime committed increased in violence through time. Innocent lives are often lost in acts of violence, such as what had happened at Columbine. Children who commit malicious crimes can either be tried as a child or an adult. Children tried in the juvenile court systems are able to get out of jail around or before they turn 21. Juvenile courts are meant to rehabilitate children who are said to be too young to understand

Why was the tsar overthrown Free Essays

Was It the work of revolutionaries Like Lenin and Trotsky? Certainly not – they were mostly either in prison or in exile. Lenin had said in 191 6 that he feared he would not live to see a revolution in Russia! Was it the War? The war certainly had a serious impact on all aspects of Russian society. Defeats undermined the army, and economic problems alienated much of the population. We will write a custom essay sample on Why was the tsar overthrown? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Lack of food and fuel in the cruel winter of 1916-1917 certainly caused many strikes, unrest and disruption. Inflation meant people’s savings were being eroded. War production meant fewer consumer goods. Manipulation limited food production. Transport difficulties made things worse. Certainly the war had a major part to play In the revolution of February 1917. Or did the War merely hasten things that were already happening in Russia? Peasant unrest because of land shortages, worker unrest because of low wages, long hours, poor living conditions were long-standing issues. The middle-class and some nobles wanted political reform, as we have already seen. Revolutionaries had been active In Russia for many years, even assassinating the Tsar in 1881. Did the War help to make these pressures too much for Tsarist to bear? Perhaps the War hindered revolution? In 1914 most of the country rallied behind Nicholas II In a great surge of patriotism. Food production increased in. Perhaps without the war there might have been a revolution in Russia sooner? Was it Nicholas II himself? What part did he play in his overthrow? He was a weak and indecisive leader – not what you want in an autocrat. He found It hard to decide what was best to do. He relied heavily on his wife and family for support. He did the honorable thing and went to lead his armies in a horrible war. He desperately wanted to retain the autocracy. He tried hard to change Russia, to make it stronger and more powerful, but was not prepared to accept political change. How to cite Why was the tsar overthrown?, Papers

Courses in Drama Essay Example For Students

Courses in Drama Essay On the other hand Nora after understanding that her husband is not who she thought he was acts very reasonably and very calmly. She decides to leave her husband that immediate moment and is not willing to spend one more night under the same roof as him. The fact that she takes her time to change to suitable clothes and is able to explain for her husband the reason behind leaving him, proves that unlike Miss Julie who decides (actually obeys what Jean orders her) in a moment of panic, she is completely conscious and aware of what she is doing. While Strindberg pessimistically suggests that once you made a mistake there is no way back and you are doomed to accept your fate, Ibsen shows that after eight years of marriage and having three children, still the best thing to do is to leave that unpleasant situation. Finding who you are and finding your goal in life is the most important duty on has in her life. Upbringing of Nora and Miss Julie suggests a great difference between the points of views of the two authors. Nora, as she says herself was like a doll first to her father and then to her husband. She was thought and expected not to have any idea about serious subjects and was brought up in a completely feminine way. From the beginning of the play we see that Helmer controls every aspect of her life as if she was a child and needed constant care:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Helmer (wagging his finger at her): Hasnt Miss Sweet Tooth been breaking rules in town today?†Ã‚  How Nora talks about money and life suggests that she is still immature in her world view. Even her reaction to the law systems is immature:  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Krogstad: The law cares nothing about motives.  Nora: Then it must be a very foolish law.† Mrs. Linde who is an independent woman and has had a life completely different from that of Nora, thinks that she hasn’t grown up. She sees that something in Nora and Helmer’s relationship is wrong and that’s why she insists that Nora tell her husband the secret. Nora has done only one thing independently which she is proud of and that is saving her husband’s life. When she sees that Helmer reproaches her for saving his life and that he wouldn’t do the same thing for her, her illusions are shattered and for the first time she understands that she has to change her life. On the other hand Miss Julie’s mother has brought her up in a way not to be like Nora. She has grown up doing what boys do and having the same opportunities as them. Her mother teaches her to hate men and she does so. Strindberg has tried to show that this kind of education is wrong and it cannot end well. At the beginning of the play Miss Julie is superior to Jean because she is aristocrat. But as we go on we see that Jean becomes superior because he is a man. His language changes, he insults her. He even proudly suggests that he has better ancestors than her: â€Å"Jean: Ive got better ancestors than you have: I havent got any incendiaries in my pedigree.  But I read in a book on the drawing-room table about your pedigree. Do you know what the founder of your line was? A miller with whose wife the king spent a night during the Danish war. I dont run to ancestors like that. Ive got no ancestors at all, as a matter of fact, but I can be an ancestor myself.† .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219 , .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219 .postImageUrl , .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219 , .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219:hover , .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219:visited , .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219:active { border:0!important; } .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219:active , .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219 .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3d4619be0ddbac8ff38fc903bc2f7219:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Woman in Black Argumentative EssayStrindberg mocks Ibsen’s idea that women should be independent and that they may easily relieve themselves from the mail dominant environments, by showing that Miss Julie doesn’t have any other way except committing suicide because of her upbringing. She suggests that changing the places of males and females in society or even mixing them causes catastrophe, and he also elaborates the naturalistic belief that one has no role in making his or her own future. Another difference between the two plays may be in the approach the writers have taken to build up to the final incidents of the plays. Strindberg uses not logically organized dialogues as it may happen in natural life. But in A Doll’s House there are lots of carefully chosen sentences uttered by character that all in all may give us a clue what the character will do in the future. For example Helmer’s fine speeches about how he hates borrowing money and being in debt and his criticizing Krogstad for the crime he has committed, all ironically point to his possible reaction to finding out about Nora’s secret.  Ã‚  As a conclusion, we can say that Miss Julie written as a response to A Doll’s House tries to question the feministic values of Ibsen’s work and for this reason either intentionally or no has been influenced by A Doll’s House. Works Cited Brian Johnston. â€Å"August Strindberg MISS JULIE† Courses in Drama, 3 August 2008  Ã‚  Chanin Desiree. â€Å"Analysis of Strindbergs Miss Julie† Hub pages, 30 March 2010

Lords Of The Flies Essays - Fiction, Literature, Allegory

Lords Of The Flies The story is about a group of English schoolboys who are plane-wrecked on a deserted island. At first, the stranded boys cooperate, attempting to gather food, make shelters, and maintain signal fires. Later Ralph, he started to act up and boss people around thinking he's the king of the island. Piggy, Ralph's over weighted, sidekick who pretty much the only one that listens to Ralph. When Ralph tries to order people around. The boys would rather swim, play, or hunt the island's wild pig population. Soon Ralph's rules are being ignored or don't even notice Ralph existed. Ralph's competition is Jack, the redheaded leader of the pig hunters, who manages to lure away many of the boys to join him. The situation changes when Ralph discovers that instead of being hunters, he and Piggy have become the ones being hunted. The novel tells about competition between two different groups and who will become the leader at the end. Overall, the story was pretty good. However it was confusing to start, I got used to reading it as I went along, which took a while. I like the style when I got use to it. I think the writing really related to what were studying in American History. It explains how society was made, it starts with people, they make rules and form an economy, and there are leaders and followers, the ones that think and ones that work. Like in US history, something happens and society falls apart, like the great depression. It is interesting to see how a group of boys can go from being so orderly to turn into competition against each other. This has a lot of suspense in it, lots of detail, and didn't feel like some fairy tale. The book contained great amounts of violence to kids fighting against each other. When I read the book, it made me think of the shootings that happened lately. When the media said that the kids were influenced by violent video games, music and Hitler to the shootings, I would say this book has the same effect. The book is like the games and music. The only difference of the book, it's not visual and hands on. Of course words in a book can't be the same as watching TV. My experience reading the book and later watching the movie, I felt I can absorb more detail and had a better understanding of it. I would say the author is also talking about too much democracy. I think he is trying to show, if a country ended up with people making up there own rules, it would cause trouble. Like ev eryone wants to be a leader and the weaker one will get picked on. Also it shows that kids can't live by themselves. Kids need an adult to settle the differences and give them rules to follow. Overall, it's a great book, short, lots of action and simple. Book Reports

What Dreams May Come Essays - What Dreams May Come, Free Essays

What Dreams May Come Essays - What Dreams May Come, Free Essays What Dreams May Come Many of us, people dont believe that there exists live after death. We think that this is not possible. People are just dying and they are living their bodies behind them, and leaving this world. Some of us believe in the reincarnation. We died, but we are born as a new human being. In the book What dreams may come there exist live after death- in heaven. The book tells about a men name Chris and his family. One day he was coming from the theater and three cars hit him, and he died. He woke up at the hospital. Before he died he heard the voices coming from a man. Those voices were saying to him to not fight . Then after a while he was dead. At first he didnt believe that this happened. When he saw his body lying on the hospital bed he knew that his journey in the world was finish. He didnt know what he was supposed to do. He was looking for his wife. He tried to find her and talk to her, but the only person that could see him or hear him was the person at the hospital that he couldnt recognize. He couldnt see exactly who the man was; he saw just his shadows. Chris was living his other live, live after death. He never knew that death is merely continuation at another level . After he died he realized that the life is not finish. The spirit lives just our bodies and it goes to heaven. Chris couldnt wait till his wife is going to join him. He believed that this would come soon, because he couldnt stop thinking about her. For everything in life theres a counterpart in afterlife Nothing can destroy the spirit. Chris was aware of that he went to the other side. He was patiently waiting for his wife. After some time he got the message from Albert that she is not going to join him, because he commit suicide. Suicide only participates a darker continuation of the some conditions from which escape was sought. A continuation under circumstances is so much more painful. He didnt want to believe that she is not coming there. The only way that they could be together was that he had to go to rescue her from that world. This was very hard to do, because many people tried to do it and they never came back. He got more luck, because he went there. The only problem that he had was that he couldnt find her. There was to many people that commit suicide. He was trying hard to find her and finally he did. He brought her memory back, because she didnt remember anything. Then they came back to the Summerland, and live happy ever after. There also exist the supernatural contact with spirits. In the book when Chris died his family was very sad. He went to his daughter room and he saw the letter that she was writing to her friend. She was telling about her parents and what they lived through. Chris tried to talk to her, without any respond. She couldnt hear anything, because she didnt knew that he was there. Chris didnt gave up and he was telling to her write Im still alive , he was repeating this all over and he made her write this note. She was very suprised when she saw this. At first she didnt knew what she suppose to do with this note, but then, she went to her mom trying to tell her that her father made her to write this note. When she enter the room, she saw her mother crying and she decided to not show her nothing. Then she decided that much happened and now was not good time to show it to her. She went back to her room, never telling her mother about that accident. After a little while Chris went to heaven. When he got there he was very suprised what he saw. Heaven was very nice place. He saw the same person that he saw at the hospital, but now he could see his face and the body correctly.

The RelationShip between Forensic Experts to Their Stakeholders Essay

The RelationShip between Forensic Experts to Their Stakeholders - Essay Example Influence of Forensic Expertise on the Society Forensic expertise affects many people in the society with regards to the needs presented to them by the society. Through this, a good relationship is born between the experts and the society especially the stakeholders. Due to the strong relationship made by the society and forensic science especially the citizens perceive forensic evidence as a much more trusted form of testimonial evidence than others do. The role of the media educating the public more about the forensic technology through television programs that contain forensic evidences makes the way the public relies on quality evidences on cases. Prosecutors depend on the results obtained by the forensic experts in order to plan on the next step in the case. Studies have shown that prosecutors take forensic evidence as a central pillar of plea and trial conviction (Peterson & Murdock, 2009). Furthermore the law society especially the lawyers use the results in order to represent their clients with facts to the courts in case the client is a complainer. Forensic technology has a vital aim in the examination and trial of criminal activities. Forensic science brings things to broad light by retrieving out facts before a case in a court of law, which influences the way, the jury and the judge will make the judgment. The stronger the forensic evidence the more likely the suspect to be fairly prosecuted according to the facts brought forward to the courtroom. Forensic evidence can be vital in a broad range of cases ranging from the study of the blood of a driver alleged of driving while under the control of alcohol drink or drugs. The good thing about the evidence produced through forensic science is that the evidence can be reexamined later using new techniques in the field. Even though the way forensic science provides reliable evidences in cases the activity of collecting the specimens for the laboratory tests is tricky and it needs a lot of concentration (Pe terson, J. et al. 2010). Obstacles facing forensics One of the obstacles facing the forensic science is the chain of custody and the preservation of evidence after obtaining them. Evidence acceptability needs lawful investigation and the severe loyalty to the chain of custody regulations including evidence collection, evidence preservation, analysis, and reporting which is difficult to be done by an officer while gathering evidence. The level by which the information technology is spanning the globe makes it difficult for the forensics make sure security is maintained. For example hackers and fraudsters use the internet to pose threat to the people using the internet (Adrian & Vorster, 2005). Solutions Relevant government should come up with laws, which will deal with the evolving computer crimes. The laws need to evolve around forensics ways of investigating of crime in order to give way to the transformation in technology. These laws should provide judgment to be given to computer criminals. Furthermore, new techniques of auditing should be introduced to cope up with the high rising of techniques used by hackers (Adrian & Vorster, 2005). References Adrian C. & Vorster, W. J. (2005). Legal Challenges Facing Forensic Auditing. Johannesburg: University of Johannesburg. Peterson, J. et al.(2010). Role and Impact of Forensic Evidence in the Criminal Justice Process. School of Criminal Justice and Criminalistics. California State University, L A Peterson, J. L. & Murdock, J.

SIM335 Managing Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

SIM335 Managing Projects - Essay Example Any concurrent activities, which activity follows which? The network diagram will look as below and boxes represent the following aspects: If activity A has duration of 4 days, earliest start time would be day 0 (zero) and the earliest finish would be day 4. The earliest start for activity B would be day 4 and the earliest finish would be day 9 as a result of adding. Earliest finish of activity A (4) + duration of activity B (5) = 9 early finish for activity B In general, earliest finish of previous activity+ duration of current activity= earliest finish of the current activity. (Early finish for earlier tasks becomes the early the start for next activity). For a case like activity G that has several preceding activities, we take the value, which has the largest earlier finish value (F 13). The latest start and latest finish are determined by working backwards through the project. Latest start for activity Q = earliest finish of activity Q because it is the last activity. In general: Latest start= latest finish– duration The latest start used as the latest finish for the previous activity. For instance, the latest start for activity Q is 93–5= 88 and this is used as the value for latest finish for activity P. for activities like I & J we use the latest start for activity K. for activity H we take the least value for latest start in this case is 34 (latest start for activity I). ... calculated by: Early finish– early start– duration=Total float For instance, to calculate total float between activities G &H =34–13–(13+8) =0 Critical path is the least amount of time that can be taken to complete the project. This means that there is no float, no free time and a delay in the critical path can lead to a delay in project completion. It can be determined by adding the duration of each activity in the sequence where there is no float. In our case, the critical path is from activity A to Q in the sequence: A(4)+F(9)+G(13)+H(8)+I(7)+K(8)+L(13)+M(9)+N(4)+O(4)+P(9)+Q(5) =93. It is very important as it helps in time scheduling of consecutive activities in a project. Events that occur here are known as milestone (Harold, 2009). If the activity begins on Monday January 16th, the project needs a total of 122 days to finish with a five-day working period then we find out how many weeks we be will need. If one week has a total of 5 working days then t he project will take 122?5=24 weeks and four days, then the project will end on Thursday 5th July 2012. In case activity B is delayed by two days, there would be no effect on the total project duration because it has a float of four days. This is however not the case for activities P and O, delaying activity P by two days or activity O by a day will affect the total duration of the project because there is no float for the two activities (Harold, 2009). Limitations of network diagrams The time estimates depend on personal bias, there is no specific formula for determining the duration of the activities and speculation is used. This may affect the whole project just in case any activity is delayed or takes a longer duration to finish. As seen from above, activities without float if delayed for any reason can

A Comparative Analysis of Research Methodologies Essay

A Comparative Analysis of Research Methodologies - Essay Example Two papers delving into learning foreign languages require a closer evaluation of research methodologies employed by the authors, to wit:   Jonathan Culpeper, Robert Crawshaw and Julia Harrison   (2008) on Activity types and discourse types: mediating advice in interactions between foreign language assistants and their supervisors in schools in France and England published in Multilingua; and Pamela Rogerson-Revell’s (2007) Using English for International Business: A European Case Study, published in English for Specific Purposes.   The study conducted by Rogerson-Revell (2007) aimed to determine the nature and role of English for International Business (EIB) with the goal of furthering measures to improve communication in international events and to use the findings in the development of effective and appropriate training materials facilitating EIB (Rogerson-Revell, 2007, p. 109). On the other hand, Culpeper, et.al.’s research was designed to address four specific objectives focusing on developing ones â€Å"understanding of interactions between French/English Foreign Language Assistants (FLAs) and their school mentors (MEs), and, more specifically, of how ‘advice’ is sought, given and received† (Culpeper, et.al, 2008, p. 297). Thereby, the Rogerson-Revel research clearly identified a concise goal while Culpeper et.al. have four-fold objectives that need to be addressed. Rogerson-Revell (2007) used the questionnaire method specifically designed to solicit both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative information focused on the use of EIB, the first language used by participants, and other languages spoken. On the other hand, qualitative data were gathered using open-ended questions on the perceptions and views of participants regarding the use of English in various international and professional meetings. Culpeper, et.al.(2008) likewise solicited both qualitative and quantitative information through audio-recorded and transcribed  information in case studies which became the basis for gathering the quantitative data needed for the study.

Gulmay D3300 X-ray Therapy Machine System

Gulmay D3300 X-ray Therapy Machine System Gulmay D3300 x-ray therapy machine system from Gulmay Medical Ltd. Introduction  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Kilovoltage unit was one of the first external beam therapy used in a radiotherapy department. Despite its popularity then, departments opt into using a megavoltage machine due to its versatility in treatment. The uses kilovoltage therapy, especially superficial x-ray therapy remains widely important in treating certain cancer patients. Gulmay Medical Ltd is one of the world’s leading manufacturers in Kilovoltage x-ray therapy equipment’s. One of its latest accomplishments was building Gulmay D3300, a combined superficial and orthovoltage unit, beam energy ranging from 20-400kv. In this essay, I will be describing the physical aspects of a Gulmay generator and x-ray tube used within this machine, their role in the production of x-ray as well as its cooling mechanism. I will be discussing the uses of having such combined units, the benefits and the complications it will cause to both the NHS, departments and the patients as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using cut out lead shielding within a treatment. Description The generator aims to magnify the initial input voltage to a substantial amount, enough to potentiate x-rays with a certain Half Value layer (Flinton, 2009). The CP225 generator which can be attached to the D3300, is powered by 3200W-4500w and has the capacity to generate voltage from 220V to 20-225KV (Gulmay Medical Ltd, 2014). Connected to the generator is the X-ray tube, via cables joined to both the anode and the cathode (figure one). The tubes are in a unipolar arrangement whereby the negative potential from the generator is fed into the cathode and the anode is maintained at a ground potential (Earth). (Flinton, 2009) Figure one: A map of the equipment’s inside a Gulmay Superficial x-ray therapy machine (Gulmay Medical Ltd, 2014). The CP225 generator is able to attach to a high power x-ray tube, 225/11, which can take up to 225V, ideally suited for its generator (Gulmay Medical Ltd., 2014). The tube is covered in a metal ceramic material and compromises on a ceiling support or on a floor stand. The mounting requires a manual force to move in the three axes -transverse, longitudinal and vertical, as well as rotational and tilt movement of the tube (Flinton, 2009). The cathode assembly, within the tube is held by a ceramic insulator aimed to insulate it from the metal housing of the tube and consists of a single tungsten filament. Compared to the cathode, the anode is structurally dissimilar, as shown in figure two. Made out of copper, the anode is either wielded onto the metal tube envelope or a ceramic insulator is sandwiched between them. The anode has extensions known as an integral hood and located on the side of the hood is a desired x-ray exit known as a beryllium window, which has a filtration of 0.8mm Be. The tube is enclosed within a vacuum to ensure the electrons do not interact with other particles, slowing down the production of pure x-rays (Flinton, 2009). Figure two: The internal structure of an x-ray tube (Flinton, 2009, p.153) As the heat builds up within the tube, it is removed from the target through conduction of the Copper anode acting as a heat sink due to its large size. To ensure efficient and rapid heat conduction, a cooling system is attached to the tube which ensures a high temperature difference away from the target (Figure one). Because the x-ray tube is unipolar, it is safe to ensure the flowing cooling medium within the cooling system is water, (Gulmay Medical Ltd., 2014) and therefore cost effective to implement. Since water is a conductor of heat, it is constantly replaced by new cool water once it has heated up. When the electrical current passes through from the generator to the tube via the cable, it reaches the cathode assembly heating up the tungsten filament. The filament then emits electrons in a process known as thermionic emission. The filament develops into a focussing cup containing a static negative charge stopping the electrons from scattering and to coerce them together to ensure the electrons aim at a small sectional area of the anode (Flinton, 2009). The cathode becomes highly negatively polarised that the grouped electrons are fired and strike a target within the anode, made from tungsten. The electrons begin to decelerate and release energy creating x-rays and heat (Xstrahl, 2014). The integral hood absorbs any unwanted electrons and prevents secondary x-rays from forming (extra focal radiation), whilst the beryllium window allows the primary x-rays to leave the tube (Flinton, 2009). Discussion Evan et al. (2001) states that by having a combined superficial and orthovoltage unit rather than two units, it will save half the money to facilitate separate shielded treatment rooms. There will also be a reduction in capital costs, spares, precautionary maintenance and quality control resources. However, by having a combined unit, the beam characteristics should be compromised as they are all necessitated by the use of a single X-ray tube to generate a beam as well as if the machine was to break down, the department may be at a loss of all kilovoltage treatment capacity. By having a low energy treatment, it is simple to treat superficial lesions. The low energy components of Gulmay d3300 allow many skin lesions to be treated up to 5mm deep, and by having a medium energy component it will allow treatments of skin lesions up to 2cm deep to be treated (Klevenhagen and Thwaites , 1993, and Glees, J.P and Wolstenholme, V., 2006). The aim of superficial x-ray therapy is to apply the dose superficially, maintaining the lack of skin sparing in order for the treatment to be successful. The fall in dose with depth is slower for x-rays than electron, thus the dose is below the treatment site is higher, being most effective in superficial treatment. Majority of the internal anatomical sites are not significantly affected by the radiation, The drawbacks to this is if treating an area neighbouring structures in which contain poor blood supply and are at risk of radiation damage such as cartilages, then it would be beneficial to use an electron beam due to the rapi d fall-off (Griffiths, 1994). When using an orthovoltage machine, the aim is to treat deep seated tumours at a close depth to the skin by applying a great amount of dose to the surface of the patient before it reaches the tumour site. The lack of skin sparing can result into skin damage caused on a patient (Griffiths, 1994). Patients can suffer acute reactions and late reactions. When patients begin their treatment, the acute reaction will follow in stages. During the first treatment, the patient may feel warmth in the area being treated; this is followed by the reddening of the skin, known as erythema, which can appear from a dose level of 1GY. As the dose escalates, the treated area will become itchy, sunburn like red, and is prone to injuries. Around 14 days, the hairs in the treated areas may fall out in a process known as epilation. By the time patients get to this stage finish their treatment course. This is due to the lengthy fractionations of treatment; the degree of reactions becomes less severe. Once the treatment stops, skin will begin to heal and becomes tanned. However, patients that go through a long treatment will experience reactions at a greater degree. The next stage in the skin reaction is dry desquamation, the peeling of the skin in dry flakes. Furthering this treatment, the skin then becomes dark red or purplish and fluid will start to build up underneath causing oedema, which is tender to touch. It is broken down and blisters start to form, the fluid begins to seep out of the skin. Patients treatment is then at a halt due to the severity of the reaction. Within an orthovoltage machine, by giving a high dose, the stem cell pool within the skin will be destroyed and area of ulceration will remain lasting within the treated area of the patient (Lochhead, 1983, p. 107-108). Late reactions are dependent on the beam energy and the dosage level. ‘The beam energy determines the part of the skin that is affected by the radiation.’(Lochhead, 1983, p. 107-108). By using low beam energy of up to 300kv, the germinal or basal layer of the skin demonstrates the most change to the skin. Activity is lost within the cells and the skin becomes thin. Once the skin becomes damaged it will take a long time to heal. Places where the hair has epilated may become permanent due to the destruction of the hair follicles. Sweat glands are destroyed and superficial blood vessels deteriorate. Other blood vessels nearby would enlarge to compensate the damaged blood vessels, and patients may begin to form Telangiectasis, a condition whereby the patients skin becomes pale and the red blood vessels enlarge. An injury to the patient may cause a necrosis of the skin. According to Griffiths et al. (1994, p.35) it was thought that by creating multifeilds across the tumour, patients’ skin reactions may subside. However this had caused a high integral dose on the patient as well as sore skin. Now it is often more advantageous to have a megavoltage machine treating these tumours due to the skin sparing affect it provides for the patient and the orthovoltage is progressing to become outdated. One of the main forms of shielding in a superficial and orthovoltage machine is the use of a lead cut out. A lead cut out is made to define the treatment area as well as shielding normal healthy tissue from the radiation beam. This is used in conjunction with an applicator attached to the machine collimator. It also provides direction and localisation of the beam. For the face and areas close to the eye a specific lead mask is produced, to avoid radiation to critical structures nearby (Mills et al., 2012). The study of Medvedevas et al (2001) concludes that the application of lead shielding attenuates the dose received to normal tissue significantly. However, according to Flinton (2009) the drawbacks in using lead shielding is the elevation in dose on the beam side of the lead caused by the interactions that arise in the lead shielding behind the target volume, as a result from the high backscatter component at these energies. The build up to full back scatter is most rapid in small fields, more so in low energy beams. For small fields such as the eye, this is a problem. Mills et al (2012). At the point when treating the eye, shielding made from either tungsten or lead is inserted to protect the lens. ‘The problem encountered with eye shields is the contribution from scatter which reaches into the region under the shield from the surrounding field.’(Mills et al., 2012, p. 125). A way to resolve this was by applying tissue equivalent material, i.e. wax, around the shield to absorb the scatter avoiding this problem. Conclusion Reference Evans, P.A., Moloney, A.J., Mountford, P.J. . (2001). Performance assesment of the Gulmay D3300 kilovoltage X ray therapy unit. The British Journal of Radiology. 74 (882), 537-549. Flinton D.. (2009). Kilovoltage Equipment. In: Cherry P. and Duxbury A.M. Practical radiotherapy physics and equipment. 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. 149-150. Glees, J.P and Wolstenholme, V.. (2006). The Role of Kilovoltage X-rays in the Treatment of Skin Cancers. European Oncological Disease. 1 (1), 32-35. Griffiths, SE., Short, CA., Jackson, CS. and Ash,D. (1994). Radiotherapy : principles to practice : a manual for quality in treatment delivery. Edinburgh: Churchil Livingstone. 33-37. Gulmay Medical Ltd.. (2014). Gulmay Corporate Brochure. Available: http://www.gulmay.com/. Last accessed 27th April 2014. Klevenhagen, S.C. and Thwaites D.I.. (1993). Kilovoltage X rays. In: Williams J.R. and Thwaites D.I. Radiotherapy Physics in practice. Oxford: Oxford Medical Publications. 95-112. Lochhead,J.N. M. (1983). Care of the patient in radiotherapy. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific. 105-111. Medvedevas, N., Adliene, D., Laurikaitiene, J., and Andrejaitis, A.. (2011). The role of shielding in superficial X-ray therapy. Radiaition Protection Dosimetry. 147 (1-2), 291-295. Mills, JA., Porter, H., Gill, D.. (2012). Radiotherapy beam production. In: Symonds, P., Deeham, C., Mills, JA., and Meredith,C.Walter Millers textbook of Radiotherapy. Oxford: Elsevier Health Sciences/Churchill Livingstone. 122-125. Xstrahl Medical. (2014). Physics of Low Energy Radiation. Available: http://www.xstrahl.com/NewStep/physics-of-low-energy-radiation.html. Last accessed 28th April 2014.

Film Analysis :: essays research papers

Film Assignment I have this opinion that America â€Å"a land of opportunity† and also a â€Å"rat race.† Why I say both of them? First, it is because, for me, America is a land of opportunity. Everybody has the opportunity to work as long as they have the willing to work, the work ethic. It’s just not everybody has the willing to work because the government will support those people who are unemployed. Like foreign students for example. The INS gives foreign students the â€Å"practical training† permit, so they can use it for working in the US after they finish their school. Even though it’s only a one-year permit, at least they have the opportunity to look for a company who is willing to be their sponsor for applying for the H-1 visa. Like in the movie It’s a Wonderful Life. When George Bailey got bankrupt, he has another chance to make everything back to normal if he wanted to. However, when we look at the â€Å"individual social mobility, it makes Amer ica a â€Å"rat race† country. Since America is known as a land of opportunity, which will lead into a â€Å"rat race† because people may want to accomplish or fulfil their goal. Everybody is trying to get the highest position in his or her job. Everybody is trying to make higher profit in his or her life. They will do anything to get into that â€Å"position† even though they have to do something illegal, something bad, something deceitful, corruption. Everybody is competing and just thinks about him or her self. Like in the Glengarry Glen Ross, everybody is trying to keep his job there. They have to make the highest profit or they will lose their job, and that makes some of the officers rob the office. It’s a beautiful life is a kind of family movie that has a happy ending. When I watched it, I got so depressed in the middle of the movie because everything happens is just like a tragedy. That is the basic story after all. George Bailey has been dealt a savage blow and is contemplating suicide at his lowest ebb. It takes an apprentice angel to put it all in perspective and remind him that joy in life should never be eclipsed by any setback. After all how many of us can empathize with a penny pinching self centered old grouch versus a good man faced with letting his family and friends down.